Prevalence of Malocclusions and Associated Factors inBrazilian Children and Adolescents with CerebralPalsy: A Multi-Institutional Study.

BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusions in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The study included 134 subjects with CP aged 2-18 years enrolled in six rehabilitation institutions and their caregivers, which provided demographic, systemic, and behavioral data. A calibrated researcher held oral examinations with record of the following malocclusion indexes, DAI and DMFT. Poisson regression analysis was used (α < 0.05). RESULTS: About 85.8% (n = 115) of patients had malocclusion. In deciduous and mixed dentition (n = 99), increased overjet (75.8%), open bite (51.5%), posterior cross bite (19.2%), and anterior cross bite (3.0%) were identified. Increased overjet was associated with the age group of 2-5 years and mild communication impairment. Anterior open bite was more common in children who underwent tongue interposition, lip interposition, and pacifier sucking. Communication skills, mouth breathing, and tongue interposition were associated with posterior cross bite. Severe malocclusions (DAI > 30) were observed in 88.6% of patients with permanent dentition (n = 35) and were associated with liquid diet consistency and finger sucking. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with CP was high and associated with demographic, behavioral, and systemic factors.

PANORAMA OF ORTHODONTICS AFTER COVID-19: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

A new Coronavirus (2019-nCov, renamed SARS-CoV-2) was identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in late 2019, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on March 11, 2020. As it is a highly infectious disease, major regional and national changes have been made, social isolation was recommended, which led to the interruption of various services, including elective dental treatments. This review aimed to identify the changes that occurred in the post-COVID-19 orthodontic practice scenario. For such, a search was made for articles published in the bibliographic bases PubMed, Scopus and SciELO, using the keywords "Orthodontics" and "Covid-19". From the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected for analysis. It was found that social isolation impacted the scheduling of orthodontic appointments and patient's anxiety about the duration of treatments. The use of teleodontology proved to be an ally in screening and in patient care. Preventive infection control must be adopted for safe orthodontic practice.

Breastfeeding Behavior in Brazilian Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome.

Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a condition that has emerged only recently, bringing together multiple changes, including significant changes in the stomatognathic system, which may compromise sucking behavior and consequently the breastfeeding practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the breastfeeding behaviors in children with CZS. A longitudinal study was carried out in two reference centers in Northeastern Brazil. The nonprobabilistic sample consisted of 79 children diagnosed with physical, neurological, and behavioral alterations compatible with CZS. Information regarding the child, nutritive, and nonnutritive sucking behavior and changes related to the sucking reflex was collected. Data were presented through descriptive and inferential statistics. In the bivariate analyses, the chi-squared test was used and 5% significance level was adopted. The majority of children had severe microcephaly (59.7%). Breastfeeding was performed at birth in most of CZS children (89.9%) but only 36.6% of them presented exclusive breastfeeding in the six months of life. Bottle feeding and pacifier were used in 89.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Sucking and swallowing difficulties and occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux were observed in 27.8%, 48.0%, and 29.2% of children, respectively. Early weaning was associated with bottle feeding (p=0.005) and pacifier sucking (p=0.003). Although breastfeeding practice at birth constitutes a behavior adopted by most of mothers, adherence to this exclusive habit until the first six months of life was low since the children presenting a large number of comorbidities with direct interference in the suction reflex, sucking, and swallowing difficulty.

Evaluation of Oral Mucositis Occurrence in Oncologic Patients under Antineoplastic Therapy Submitted to the Low-Level Laser Coadjuvant Therapy.

Low-level laser therapy has been widely used in treating many conditions, including oral mucositis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of oral mucositis in patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy submitted to preventive and therapeutic treatment with low-level laser therapy. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 51 children and adolescents of both sexes with malignant neoplasias who developed oral mucositis and underwent low-level laser therapy. Data were collected on sex, age, type and degree of neoplasia, region affected, and remission time. 64.7% of the patients were male and were between 3 and 6 years of age (39.2%). Acute lymphoid leukemia was the most frequent neoplasm (37.3%). Regarding the maximum oral mucositis, grade 2 (41.2%) was predominant, with jugal mucosa (29.9%) and tongue (17.7%) being the most affected regions. The majority of cases presented lesion remission time between 4 and 7 days (44.0%). Most patients were young, male, and diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia. Predominance of grade 2 oral mucositis was observed, with jugal mucosa and tongue being the most affected regions, with the majority of cases presenting lesion remission time between 4 and 7 days. Low-level laser therapy has been shown to be an essential therapy in the prevention and treatment of these lesions, since it is a non-invasive and low-cost method.

[The prevalence and types of bullying in 13 to 17 year-old Brazilian schoolchildren]. / Prevalência e Tipos de Bullying em Escolares Brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos.

OBJECTIVE: Determining the prevalence and type of bullying in 13 to 17 year-old Brazilian schoolchildren and analyzing the associated factors. METHODS: Simple random sampling was used for selecting 525 schoolchildren. Data was collected by a single researcher using the Training and Mobility on Research (TMR) model questionnaire on bullying. Students who admitted suffering this kind of violence three or more times during the year the data was collected were considered as victims of bullying. The data was stored in SPSS and analysed using the Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: The students' average age was 14.2 years old (±1.1); 54.1 % of the sample was female. 23.6 % of those surveyed were characterized as victims of bullying; most were aged 14 years old (27.3 %), male (31.5 %), in the 7th year of school (25.3 %) and no difference was found regarding when they attended school (i.e. morning or afternoon sessions). However, an association was found between gender and bullying at school (p<0.001). The most prevalent form of bullying was verbal (87.7 %) followed by relational (37.7 %) and physical bullying (19.7 %). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of bullying, boys being the main victims; the predominant type of bullying was verbal.

Prevalência e tipos de bullying em escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos / The prevalence and types of bullying in 13 to 17 year-old Brazilian schoolchildren / La prevalencia y tipos de matoneo en escolares brasileños de 13 a 17 años

Objetivo Verificar a prevalência e os tipos de bullying em escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos, bem como, analisar os fatores associados. Métodos Utilizou-se a amostragem aleatória simples para a seleção dos 525 escolares. A coleta de dados foi realizada por um único pesquisador, utilizando o questionário sobre bullying Modelo TMR. Considerou-se como vítimas de bullying os alunos que admitiram sofrer esse tipo de violência por três ou mais vezes no ano da coleta. Os dados foram organizados com o SPSS e analisados por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados A média de idade dos escolares foi de 14,2 anos (±1,1), sendo 54,1% do sexo feminino. Dentre os pesquisados, 23,6 % foram caracterizados como vítimas de bullying, com a maioria sendo de 14 anos de idade (27,3 %), do sexo masculino (31,5 %), do 7° ano de escolaridade (25,3 %), não existindo diferença de envolvimento entre os turnos escolar analisados (manhã e tarde). Houve associação entre o sexo do escolar e a ocorrência de bullying (p<0,001). O tipo de bullying mais prevalente foi o verbal (87,7 %), seguido do relacional (37,7 %) e do físico (19,7 %). Conclusão: É elevada a prevalência de bullying, com os meninos constituindo-se nas principais vítimas, predominando o bullying do tipo verbal.(AU)

Objective Determining the prevalence and type of bullying in 13 to 17 year-old Brazilian schoolchildren and analyzing the associated factors. Methods Simple random sampling was used for selecting 525 schoolchildren. Data was collected by a single researcher using the Training and Mobility on Research (TMR) model questionnaire on bullying. Students who admitted suffering this kind of violence three or more times during the year the data was collected were considered as victims of bullying. The data was stored in SPSS and analysed using the Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests (p<0.05). Results The students' average age was 14.2 years old (±1.1); 54.1 % of the sample was female. 23.6 % of those surveyed were characterized as victims of bullying; most were aged 14 years old (27.3 %), male (31.5 %), in the 7th year of school (25.3 %) and no difference was found regarding when they attended school (i.e. morning or afternoon sessions). However, an association was found between gender and bullying at school (p<0.001). The most prevalent form of bullying was verbal (87.7 %) followed by relational (37.7 %) and physical bullying (19.7 %). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of bullying, boys being the main victims; the predominant type of bullying was verbal.(AU)

Objetivo Verificar el predominio y los tipos de matoneo en escolares brasileños de 13 a 17 años, así como analizar los factores asociados. Métodos Se utilizó el muestreo aleatorio simple para la selección de los 525 escolares. La recolección de datos fue realizada por un único investigador, utilizando el cuestionario sobre bullying Modelo TMR. Se consideró como víctimas de bullying los alumnos que admitieron sufrir ese tipo de violencia tres o más veces en el año de la recolección. Los datos fueron organizados con el SPSS y analizados por medio de los testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson y Exacto de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados El promedio de edad de los escolares fue de 14,2 años (±1,1), siendo 54,1 % de sexo femenino. Entre los encuestados, 23,6 % fueron caracterizados como víctimas de bullying,la mayoría siendo de 14 años de edad (27,3 %), del sexo masculino (31,5 %), del 7° año de escolaridad (25,3 %), no existiendo diferencia de compromiso entre los turnos escolares analizados (mañana y tarde). Hubo asociacion entre el sexo del escolar y la ocurrencia de bullying (p<0,001). El tipo de bullying más predominante fue el verbal (87,7 %), seguido del relacional (37,7 %) y del físico (19,7 %). Conclusión Se concluye ser elevado el predominio de bullying, con los varones como principales víctimas, predominando el bullying del tipo verbal.(AU)

Efecto combinado del aceite esencial de Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume y nistatina sobre cepas de Candida no-albicans / Combined effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume essential oil and nystatin on strains of non-albicans Candida

Introduction: considering the emergence of resistant species of albicans and non-albicans Candida to agents therapeutically available as a result of the increased number of immunocompromised population and of the increasingly frequent use of prophylaxis and empirical treatment with antifungals, it's verified that there is a clear and emerging need to introduce new antimicrobials agents in the therapeutic arsenal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume alone and combined with Nystatin on strains of C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Methods: this was an experimental research in laboratory. It was determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, using the microdilution method, as well as the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration to determine the possible synergistic effects of the association. Strains of C. tropicalis ATCC 40147 and C. krusei ATCC 40042 were used in the tests. When assessed separately, C. zeylanicum essential oil and Nystatin presented Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 312,5 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL, respectively, on both tested strains. Results: When combined, were found Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 39 µg/mL and 32 µg/mL for the essential oil and for Nystatin, respectively. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration value was 0,6024 for both tested strains, indicating additivity of the inhibitory effect on fungal growth. Conclusions: the results indicate that C. zeylanicum essential oil has antifungal activity against the strains of non-albicans Candida evaluated and that its association with Nystatin potentiates this effect(AU)

Introducción: es necesaria la introducción de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos por el surgimiento de especies de Candida albicans y no albicans resistentes a los agentes terapéuticos disponibles .El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la actividad antifúngica del aceite esencial de Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume aislado y asociado con nistatina sobre cepas Candida tropicalis y Candida krusei. Métodos: se realizó una investigación experimental de laboratorio. La concentración mínima inhibitoria fue determinada utilizando el método de microdilución, y la concentración inhibitoria fraccionada se usó para determinar los posibles efectos sinérgicos de la asociación. Para las pruebas fueron utilizadas las cepas de C. tropicalis ATCC 40147 y C. krusei ATCC 40042. Se usaron el aceite esencial de C. zeylanicum y nistatina. Cuando fueron evaluados por separado presentaron la concentración mínima inhibitoria de 312,5 µg/mL y de 64 µg/mL, respectivamente, sobre ambas cepas ensayadas. Resultados: una vez asociados, la concentración mínima inhibitoria fue de 39 µg/mL para el aceite esencial y de 32 µg/mL para la nistatina. El valor de la concentración inhibitoria fraccionada para ambas cepas probadas fue de 0,6024, lo que indica adicción del efecto inhibidor sobre el crecimiento de hongos. Conclusiones: los resultados indican que el aceite esencial de C. zeylanicum tiene actividad antifúngica frente a las cepas de Candida no albicans y que la asociación del mismo con la nistatina promueve la potenciación de este efecto(AU)

Effect of bleaching on shear bond strength to dentin of etch-and-rinse and self-etching primer adhesives.

This study evaluated in vitro the influence of enamel bleaching on bond strength to dentin. One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were divided into 12 groups (n = 10), according to adhesive system: Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB2), Prime & Bond 2.1 (PB), Adhese (AD) and Clearfil SE Bond (SE). The experimental groups were exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide for 4 hours a day over a period of 10 days. After the bleaching, they remained stored in artificial saliva for a further 24 hours or 7 days. The control groups were stored in artificial saliva for 24 hs. Resin composite (Z250) cylinders were made, and the specimens were stored in distilled water (37 degrees C/24 h), until the shear strength test was performed. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA 3-way and Turkey's test (a < 0.05). The highest mean value of experimental groups was obtained for ASB2 (7 d) and the lowest for PB (24 h). Significant differences were observed for bleaching and adhesive system, but not for storage time. Moreover, the interaction between the factors under study was shown to be significant. Statistical differences were observed between the tested adhesives for the different bleaching situations and storage times. It may be concluded that dental enamel bleaching and storage time in artificial saliva interfered with the bond strength to subjacent dentin provided by the Prime & Bond 2.1 and Clearfil SE Bond.

Activity of in vitro forms of dentifrices containing the hydroalcoholic extract of the ripe fruit of Eugenia uniflora L. (Surinam cherry) on cariogenic bacteria.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of dentifrices containing the hydroalcoholic extract of the ripe fruit of Eugenia uniflora L. (Surinam cherry) on Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557) and Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469). Five dentifrices were used: D1: containing hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia uniflora L.; D2: containing fluoride and hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia uniflora L.; D3: containing triclosan and hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia uniflora L; D4: containing triclosan, fluoride and hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia uniflora L.; D5: positive control (Colgate Total 12). To determine the antibacterial activity, the technique used was the minimum inhibitory concentration by the diffusion method in solid culture medium. At the concentration 0.05 g/mL, the best results were achieved with D1 (18 mm) and D4 (24 mm) on L.casei, and with D3 (19 mm) on S. oralis. The dentifrices D3 and D4 were found to have greater activity on the Streptococcus oralis, while D4 and D1 were found to have greater activity on Lactobaccilus casei. It is concluded that dentifrices with Eugenia uniflora L. have antimicrobial activity, suggesting that clinical trials should be conducted.

Prevalência de doenças crônicas e estado nutricional em um grupo de idosos brasileiros / The prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly Brazilian people and their nutritional status / Prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y estado nutricional en un grupo de personas de edad avanzada, de Brasil

Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de doenças crônicas e o estado nutricional de um grupo de idosos do município de João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. Método Foram avaliados 117 idosos com idades entre 60 e 89 anos atendidos nos Centros de Referência e Cidadania. O instrumento de pesquisa compreendeu um questionário e incluía variáveis sócio-demográficas, sócio-econômicas, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e antropométricas. Os resultados foram organizados com o Software SPSS, sendo apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva (média e desvio-padrão, freqüências absoluta e percentual). Resultados Em relação ao uso do tabaco e do álcool, 4,3 por cento e 9,4 por cento, respectivamente, afirmaram fazer uso destas substâncias e 56,4 por cento reportaram não praticar atividade física. Da amostra, 78,6 por cento utilizam medicamentos e 82,1 por cento afirmaram possuir alguma doença crônica não-transmissível, sendo mais freqüentes a hipertensão arterial (56,4 por cento), as dislipidemias (33,3 por cento) e o diabetes mellitus (20,5 por cento). Segundo a classificação do IMC, 46,2 por cento apresentavam sobrepeso e 40,2 por cento obesidade grau, enquanto em relação ao RCQ, 97,4 por cento foram classificados como obesos abdominais. Conclusão A prevalência de doenças crônicas foi elevada, principalmente a hipertensão arterial, com a maioria dos idosos sendo classificados como obesos abdominais, com risco muito alto para desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.

Objective Evaluating the prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly people living in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil and their nutritional status. Method 117 subjects aged 60 to 89 attending local Reference and Citizenship Centres were evaluated. The research instrument used was a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, socioeconomic and anthropometric variables and health-related behaviour. The data so collected was organised using SPSS statistical software and presented via descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, and absolute and percentage frequencies). Results 4.3 percent and 9.4 percent of the subjects admitted using tobacco and alcohol, respectively. 56.4 percent did not engage in any physical activity. As many as 78.6 percent used medications and 82.1 percent admitted to suffering from some non-transmissible chronic disease, the most frequent being hypertension (56.4 percent), dyslipidaemia (33.3 percent) and diabetes mellitus (20.5 percent). According to body mass index (BMI) classification, 46.2 percent were overweight and 40.2 percent presented degree I obesity. Regarding the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal obesity was diagnosed in 97.4 percent of the elderly in the study. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic disease, especially hypertension, was high in the studied population. Most institutionalised elderly were classified as suffering from abdominal obesity, representing an extremely high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y el estado nutricional de grupo de personas de edad avanzad, del muncipio João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. Método Se evaluaron 117 personas con edades entre 60 y 89 años, atendidos en los Centros de Referencia y Ciudadanía. Se utilizó un cuestionario que incluía variables socio-demográficas, socio-económicas, comportamientos relacionados con las salud y antropométricas. Los resultados fueron organizados con el software SPSS y se presentaron por medio de estadísticas descriptivas (frecuencias absolutas y proporcionales, medias y desviaciones). Resultados En relación con el consumo de tabaco y del alcohol, 4,3 y 9,4 por ciento respectivamente afirmaron utilizar estas sustancias y 56,4 por ciento reportaron no hacer actividad física. Del total, 78,6 por ciento utilizan medicamentos y 82,1 por ciento afirmaron tener alguna enfermedad crónica no transmisible, más frecuentes la hipertensión arterial (56,4 por ciento), las dislipidemias (33,3 por ciento) y la Diabetes mellitus (20,5 por ciento). Con la clasificación del IMC, 46,2 por ciento presentaron sobrepeso y 40,2 por ciento obesidad, mientras que en relación con RCQ, 97,4 por ciento fueron clasificados como obesos abdominales. Conclusiones La prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas fue elevada, principalmente la hipertensión arterial, con la mayoría de quienes la presentaron clasificados como obesos abdominales, con alto riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.

[The prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly Brazilian people and their nutritional status]. / Prevalência de doenças crônicas e estado nutricional em um grupo de idosos brasileiros.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the prevalence of chronic disease in a group of elderly people living in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil and their nutritional status. METHOD: 117 subjects aged 60 to 89 attending local Reference and Citizenship Centres were evaluated. The research instrument used was a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, socioeconomic and anthropometric variables and health-related behaviour. The data so collected was organised using SPSS statistical software and presented via descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, and absolute and percentage frequencies). RESULTS: 4.3% and 9.4% of the subjects admitted using tobacco and alcohol, respectively. 56.4% did not engage in any physical activity. As many as 78.6% used medications and 82.1% admitted to suffering from some non-transmissible chronic disease, the most frequent being hypertension (56.4%), dyslipidaemia (33.3%) and diabetes mellitus (20.5%). According to body mass index (BMI) classification, 46.2% were overweight and 40.2% presented degree I obesity. Regarding the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal obesity was diagnosed in 97.4% of the elderly in the study. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic disease, especially hypertension, was high in the studied population. Most institutionalised elderly were classified as suffering from abdominal obesity, representing an extremely high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Mortalidade por causas externas em adultos no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil / Mortality by external causes in adultsin the city of Campina Grande,Paraiba, Brazil

Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade por causas exter-nas em adultos em Campina Grande, Paraíba.Métodos: estudo observacional e retrospectivo, por meio da análise de dados secundários. O universo compreendeu 768 laudos cadavéricos de indivíduos com 19 anos ou mais, vitimados por causas externas no ano de 2005. Foram estudadas as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, horário e dia de ocorrência do acidente, intenção infligida pelo ato (se intencional ou não intencional) e tipo de causa responsável pelo óbito. Os dados foram analisados através do programa Epi Info e foi investigada a associação significativa entre as variáveis por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, considerando o valor para rejeição da hipótese nula de p<0,05. Em relação à força e direção das associações, utilizou-se a razão de chances ou odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% .Resultados: o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido (88,5%), correspondendo a uma razão de 7,7:1. Em relação à idade, a maioria das vítimas tinha entre 19 e 28 anos (31,3%). A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no período noturno (32,2%) e durante os finais de semana (39,65). Os principais agentes etiológicos foram os acidentes de transporte (35,5%) e as armas de fogo (24,2%), existindo associação positiva entre óbitos por arma de fogo e sexo (OR 2,33; IC95% 1,21-4,50).Conclusões: os homens com idades entre 19 e 38 anos constituem as vítimas mais freqüentes, sendo os acidentes de transporte e as armas de fogo os principais agentes etiológicos.

Aims: To evaluate the mortality by external causes in adults in the city of Campina Grande, Paraiba State, Brazil.Methods: An observational, retrospective study was undertaken by the analysis of secondary data in a sample universe comprehending 768 autopsy reports of individuals aged 19 years or older who were fatal victims of external causes in 2005. The following variables were analyzed: gender, age group, time and date of accident, intention inflicted by the act (whether intentional or not), and the cause of death. Data were analyzed through the Epi Info statistical software and the existence of a significant association among the variables was verified using the chi-square test. All tests fixed the level for rejection of the null hypothesis at p<0.05. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) of 95% was used to analyze the force and direction of the associations.Results: There was a predominance of men (88.5%) among the victims with a male-to-female ratio of 7.7:1. Regarding the age, most victims were aged 19 to 28 years (31.3%). Most deaths occurred at night (32.2%) and during the weekends (39.65). The main etiologic agents were motor vehicle accidents (35.5%) and firearms (24.2%), existing a positive association between deaths by firearms and gender (OR 2.33; CI95% 1.21-4.50).Conclusions: Men in the 19-38 year old age range are the most frequent victims of death by external causes, and motor vehicle accidents and firearms are the main etiologic agents.

Obesity and dental caries among preschool children in Brazil / Obesidad y caries dental en preescolares de Brasil

Aim This study was aimed at verifying the relationship between childhood obesity and dental caries. Method A total of 2 651 preschool children were examined for this cross-sectional study in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; 1 338 of them attended public schools and 1 313 private schools. The clinical data and anthropometric measurements were obtained in line with WHO criteria. Pearson chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used, with a 5 percent margin of error. Results The prevalence of child obesity was 9 percent (n=240). The highest prevalence was observed amongst children in private elementary schools (p<0.0001). The prevalence of dental caries was 19 percent (n=504). The DMFT index was smaller in non-obese individuals (p=0.0267). The average value of dental caries, lost teeth and DMFT were significantly higher among children in public elementary schools than amongst those in private pre-schools (p<0.0001). Conclusion No relationship was found between dental caries and obesity. Suitable health policies should be adopted so as to minimise the high prevalence of dental caries among this population.

Objetivo Verificar la relación entre obesidad infantil y caries dental. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal en Pernambuco, Brasil, con 2 651 niños preescolares, de los cuales 1 338 se encontraban en escuelas públicas y 1 313 en escuelas privadas. La información clínica y antropométrica se obtuvo de acuerdo con los criterios de la OMS. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi cuadrado de Pearson y Mann-Whitney con un error del 5 por ciento. Resultados La prevalencia de obesidad infantil fue de 9 por ciento (n=240). La prevalencia más alta se encontró en los niños de las escuelas primarias privadas (p <0.0001). La prevalencia de caries dental fue de 19 por ciento (n=504). El dmf-t índice fue más pequeño en los individuos no obesos (p=0.0267). El valor promedio de caries dental, pérdida dental y dmf-t fueron significativamente más altas en los niños de las escuelas primarias públicas que en las privadas del mismo tipo (p <0.0001). Conclusiones No se encontró relación entre caries dental y obesidad. Políticas de salud adecuadas deben ser adoptadas para reducir la alta prevalencia de caries dental en esta población.

Obesidade e Cárie Dentária em Pré-Escolares Brasileiros Objetivo Este estudo objetivou verificar a relação entre obesidade infantil e cárie dentária. Material e Métodos Neste estudo transversal um total de 2 651 pré-escolares, sendo 1 338 pertencentes a escolas públicas e 1 313 de escolas privadas foram examinadas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Os exames clínicos e antropométricos foram realizados de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela OMS. Os testes do Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Mann-Whitney foram empregados com margem de erros de 5 por cento. Resultados A prevalência de obesidade entre as crianças foi de 9 por cento (n=240). A maior prevalência foi observada entre as crianças de escolas públicas (p <0,0001). A prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 19 por cento (n=504). O índice ceo-d foi menor em crianças não obesas (p=0,0267). Os valores médios de cárie dentária, dentes perdidos e ceo-d foram significativamente mais elevados entre as crianças de escolas públicas do que entre as pertencentes às escolas particulares (p <0,0001). Conclusão Não foi observada relação entre cárie dentária e obesidade. Políticas adequadas de saúde devem ser adotadas objetivando minimizar a alta prevalência de cárie dentária nesta população.

Obesity and dental caries among preschool children in Brazil.

AIM: This study was aimed at verifying the relationship between childhood obesity and dental caries. METHOD: A total of 2,651 preschool children were examined for this cross-sectional study in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; 1,338 of them attended public schools and 1,313 private schools. The clinical data and anthropometric measurements were obtained in line with WHO criteria. Pearson chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used, with a 5 % margin of error. RESULTS: The prevalence of child obesity was 9 % (n=240). The highest prevalence was observed amongst children in private elementary schools (p<0.0001). The prevalence of dental caries was 19 % (n=504). The DMFT index was smaller in non-obese individuals (p=0.0267). The average value of dental caries, lost teeth and DMFT were significantly higher among children in public elementary schools than amongst those in private pre-schools (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: No relationship was found between dental caries and obesity. Suitable health policies should be adopted so as to minimise the high prevalence of dental caries among this population.

Severity of occlusal pathologies and associated factors in 12-year-old schoolchildren.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and severity of occlusal pathologies in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Campina Grande, Brazil. The study population was composed by 553 12-year-old schoolchildren attending the municipal educational system. Information regarding occlusal alterations (Dental Aesthetic Index) and subjective perceptions on occlusal pathologies were collected by means of structured questionnaires submitted to the students. Bivariate analysis and odds ratio were used to determine the existence of association between the severity of the occlusalpathologies and the other associated factors. The prevalence and severity ofocclusal pathologies were 65.1% (n=360) and 35.1% (n=194), respectively The bivariate analysis revealed a positive association between the variable "dissatisfaction on smiling related to occlusal problems" (OR=1.92 [1.13-3.28]) and the severity of occlusal pathologies. The high prevalence and severity of occlusal alterations observed in the present study suggests that it is necessary to reformulate the current public oral health policies with the inclusion of orthodontic treatment in the set of health services provided to the population.

[Breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, sucking habits and malocclusion in Brazilian preschool children]. / Aleitamento Natural, Aleitamento Artificial, Hábitos de Sucção e Maloclusões em Pré-escolares Brasileiros.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at verifying the prevalence of nutritive (breast-feeding and bottle-feeding) and non-nutritive sucking habits and the presence of malocclusion in Brazilian preschool children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional oral health survey of 342 children (196 boys and 146 girls) between the ages of 3 and 5 in Campina Grande, Brazil. The data was collected by interviews with the children's mothers or minders and by clinical examinations carried out by a calibrated examiner (kappa = 0,86). Descriptive statistics using the EPI-INFO Program (version 3.3) and Chi-square test at 0.05 probability level were produced. RESULTS: Sucking habit prevalence was very high in all groups, ranging from 70 % to 77,4 %. Malocclusion was present in 87 %, dummy use in 84,8 % and finger-sucking in 7,2 %. About 84,2 % of the children had a history of bottle-feeding and 79,9 % showed some evidence of malocclusion at the time of dental examination. There were significant differences for the following variables: sucking habits and malocclusion; breast-feeding time and sucking habits; breast-feeding time and malocclusion; type of feeding and sucking habits; and type of feeding and malocclusion. CONCLUSION: Dummy-sucking incidence was higher than that of finger-sucking in Brazilian children. Sucking habit incidence was higher in bottle-fed children than in breast-fed children. The relationship between incidence of habits and malocclusion was statistically significant.

Aleitamento Natural, Aleitamento Artificial, Hábitos de Sucção e Maloclusões em Pré-escolares Brasileiros / Breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, sucking habits and malocclusion in brazilian preschool children

Objetivo: Objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de hábitos de sucção nutritivos (aleitamento natural e artificial) e não nutritivos e a presença de maloclusão em pré-escolares brasileiros. Material e Métodos: Este estudo transversal examinou 342 crianças (196 meninos e 146 meninas) entre 3 e 5 anos de idade em Campina Grande, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas com as mães das crianças e o exame clínico realizado por um examinador calibrado (kappa=0,86). A análise estatística foi executada através do uso do programa Epi Info 3.3 e do Teste do Qui-quadrado a um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A prevalência de hábitos de sucção foi elevada em todas as faixas etárias, variando de 70 por cento a 77,4 por cento. Maloclusões estavam presentes em 87 por cento, sucção de chupeta em 84,8 por cento e sucção digital em 7,2 por cento. Aproximadamente 84,2 por cento das crianças tinham história de alimentação artificial e 79,9 por cento delas apresentavam maloclusão quando do exame. Existiram diferenças significativas entres as variáveis: hábitos de sucção e presença de maloclusão; tempo de alimentação natural e presença de hábitos de sucção; tempo de alimentação natural e presença de maloclusão; tipo de alimentação e hábitos de sucção; e tipo de alimentação e presença de maloclusão. Conclusão: A incidência de sucção de chupeta foi maior do que a de sucção digital entre os pré-escolares brasileiros. A freqüência de hábitos de sucção foi mais elevada entre as crianças com alimentação artificial do que nas crianças com alimentação natural. A relação entre a presença de hábitos de sucção e de maloclusão foi estatisticamente significante.

Objective: This study was aimed at verifying the prevalence of nutritive (breast-feeding and bottle-feeding) and non-nutritive sucking habits and the presence of malocclusion in Brazilian preschool children. Material and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional oral health survey of 342 children (196 boys and 146 girls) between the ages of 3 and 5 in Campina Grande, Brazil. The data was collected by interviews with the children's mothers or minders and by clinical examinations carried out by a calibrated examiner (kappa = 0,86). Descriptive statistics using the EPI-INFO Program (version 3.3) and Chi-square test at 0.05 probability level were produced. Results: Sucking habit prevalence was very high in all groups, ranging from 70 percent to 77,4 percent. Malocclusion was present in 87 percent, dummy use in 84,8 percent and finger-sucking in 7,2 percent. About 84,2 percent of the children had a history of bottle-feeding and 79,9 percent showed some evidence of malocclusion at the time of dental examination. There were significant differences for the following variables: sucking habits and malocclusion; breast-feeding time and sucking habits; breast-feeding time and malocclusion; type of feeding and sucking habits; and type of feeding and malocclusion. Conclusion: Dummy-sucking incidence was higher than that of finger-sucking in Brazilian children. Sucking habit incidence was higher in bottle-fed children than in breast-fed children. The relationship between incidence of habits and malocclusion was statistically significant.